Background to the Research
- The researchers were aware
of differences between men and women in health-related attitudes and
behaviour. In order for health promotion strategies aimed at men to
be effective, it is important to understand their health-seeking behaviour.
The aim of this phenomenological study was to understand and analyse
the experience of men before, during and after they attended a prostate
early detection service.
Research Approach
- A purposive sample of 12 men was selected
who had all attended a charity-based service for the early detection
of prostate cancer in the previous 3 months. Most men were aged 50-59
years, which is the age group where early intervention is more likely
to lead to a cure. However, some older men were included.
- Semi-structured interviews were undertaken,
incorporating a core 'areas of enquiry' guide. Topics included motivation
for attending, prior attitudes to help-seeking, prior knowledge about
prostate cancer and personal experience of the visit.
Main Findings
- The men involved in the study experienced
social, psychological and structural barriers to seeking help. These
include a threat to masculinity, embarrassment, fear and guilt at
using an under-resourced health service. For example, respondents
thought it almost inappropriate and not masculine to talk about health
and cancer. Thus, men found it difficult to seek help.
- Participants attended the service for a
variety of complex and interrelated factors, including fear of cancer,
the value of early detection, the media and encouragement by women.
In particular, women were perceived as knowing more about their bodies,
being more open about health matters and attending doctors more often.
They were also seen as the 'arbiters of the family's health'.
- There was a generally poor view of health
services, especially in relation to resources and time made available
by GPs. However, participants felt reassured and empowered by attending
the early-detection service, mostly due to the interpersonal and communication
skills of the health professionals involved.
Conclusion
- The results identify the need for health
policy makers and health promoters to:
- understand men's help-seeking behaviour;
- provide men with information that is helpful
and relevant;
- provide high-quality and person-centred
services for the early detection of prostate cancer.
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